Slavery was prevalent in the United States from the colonial period until the Civil War. It was primarily practiced in the southern states, where enslaved Africans and their descendants were treated as property rather than individuals. Slaves were forced to work without pay, subjected to brutal beatings and other forms of violence, and denied education and legal rights.
The importation of slaves from Africa was banned by federal law in 1808, but the practice of domestic slavery continued. By the mid-19th century, there were nearly 4 million slaves in the United States.
The abolitionist movement gained momentum in the 1830s, and by the 1860s, the issue of slavery had become the primary cause of the Civil War. After the Union victory, slavery was officially abolished with the passage of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution in 1865.
While the abolition of slavery was a major milestone in the struggle for civil rights, it did not immediately end the discrimination and oppression of African Americans. It would take decades of activism, protests, and legal battles to achieve greater equality and justice for Black Americans in the United States.
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